马氧化三甲胺(TMAO)ELISA试剂盒
检测原理
本试剂盒采用间接竞争ELISA方法，在酶标板微孔条上预包被偶联抗原，样本中马氧化三甲胺和微孔条上预包被的偶联抗原竞争马氧化三甲胺抗体，加入酶标二抗后，形成包被抗原-抗体-酶标二抗复合物。随后结合的酶催化TMB底物显色，样本吸光值与其含有的马氧化三甲胺成负相关。通过标准曲线可准确定量样品中马氧化三甲胺的含量。通过标准曲线计算所得值乘以样品处理的稀释倍数即为实际样品中马氧化三甲胺的含量。
间接竞争法模式图
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按操作顺序形成包被抗原-抗体-酶标二抗复合物后，加入TMB 底物，板孔液体由无色变成蓝色，再加入终止液液体变为黄色后进行吸光度值测定。
检测实验的局限性
仅供科研使用。
试剂盒的使用期限不得超过试剂盒标签上的有效期。不要将试剂与其他批次或来源的试剂混合使用或替换使用。
如果样品产生的值高于最高标准，则用测定稀释剂进一步稀释样品，并重复测定。稀释剂、操作人员、移液技术、洗涤技术、培养时间或温度以及试剂盒使用年限的任何变化都可能导致结合变化。
样本采集、处理和存储的变化可能会导致样本值的差异。
本试剂盒实验设计消除了不同样品中可能潜在的干扰因素的影响，但并不能涵盖所有潜在影响因素。不能排除存在其他干扰的可能性。
操作要点
为了避免交叉污染，在添加每个标准品、样品和试剂时应更换移液器枪头。
当使用自动洗板机时，在加入洗涤缓冲液后加入30秒的浸泡期，或者在洗涤步骤之间将板旋转180度，可以提高测定精度。
显色剂应保持无色，直到添加到板中。确保显色剂不受光线照射。
应按照与显色剂相同的顺序将终止液添加到板中。加入终止液后，孔中形成的颜色将从蓝色变为黄色。蓝色的孔表示终止液未与溶液充分混合。
需要的其他材料
1. 酶标仪，包含450nm测定波长，同时包含600-680nm校正波长更佳；
2. 移液器及枪头；
3. 蒸馏水或去离子水
4.100-1000mL刻度量筒。
5. 洗瓶、排枪或自动微孔板清洗机。
6. 水平轨道微孔板振荡器，能够保持500±50 rpm的速度。
7. 用于稀释标准品和样品的试管。
注意事项
1. 此试剂盒提供的终止液为稀硫酸溶液，具有一定腐蚀性，应谨慎操作。
2. 该试剂盒中的某些成分含有防腐剂，可能会引起皮肤过敏反应，应佩带口罩避免吸入薄雾。
3. 显色剂B可能会引起皮肤、眼睛和呼吸道刺激，应佩带口罩避免吸入薄雾。
4. 佩戴防护手套、防护服、眼睛和面部防护用品。处理后彻底洗手。
样品预处理
下面列出的样品收集和储存条件旨在作为一般性指导。样品稳定性尚未评估。
玉米、小麦、大米等粮食饲料处理方法：
粉碎并取5g的样品置于50mL离心管中，加入25ml的40%乙醇水与其混匀。于振荡器上剧烈震荡10min，转速为150r/min（或涡旋震荡5min以上），震荡后于4000r/min离心5min（或静置3min）。取上清溶液200µL，再加入600µL的1×PBS进行稀释，混匀后取50µL进行检测
样品稀释倍数：20
试剂准备
使用前将所有试剂置于室温平衡30分钟左右。
洗涤液/稀释液配制：
如果洗涤液/稀释液（20×）有晶体析出，需在37℃下加热⾄晶体全部溶解。用蒸馏水1:20稀释（例如：1mL 浓缩洗涤液加入19mL的蒸馏水）
标准品配制：
试剂盒中取出标准品，准备7个试管，先将1000ppb标准品（200µL）按需吸取一定量用1×稀释液稀释至81ppb（例：81µL的标准品母液+919µL的1×稀释液，制备得到1000μL的81ppb浓度标准品），随后在6个试管中分别加入600μL的1×稀释液，在这6个单独的试管中将81ppb标准品依次3倍倍比稀释至7个梯度，共配制7个浓度的标准品，依次为：81ppb、27ppb、9ppb、3ppb、1ppb、0.33ppb、0.11ppb，从最高浓度标准品溶液中吸取300μL标准品到下一个试管中，轻轻吹打混匀，以此类推进行标准品的倍比稀释（如图所示），1×稀释液用作零浓度标准品(0ppb)。
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一抗工作液配制：
使用前10分钟，用1×稀释液将100×一抗工作液稀释成1×一抗工作液，根据所需用量配置。
酶标二抗工作液配制：
使用前10分钟，用1×稀释液将100×酶标二抗稀释成1×酶标抗体工作液，根据所需用量配置。
备注：
如样本中待测物浓度高于标准品最高值，请根据实际情况选择适当的稀释倍数 (建议：将待测样本用样品稀释液最低稀释1倍，在正式实验之前做预实验，以确定具体稀释倍数) ；标准品母液及100×酶标二抗溶液根据实验所需酶标板孔数吸取一定量配制工作液，剩余溶液应放回-20℃储存，且避免反复冻融。（若实验在1-2周内做完，标准品母液及100×酶标抗体置于2-8℃保存；若实验为长时间跨度实验，建议将标准品母液及100×酶标抗体置于-20℃保存，以保证实验结果的稳定性）
实验步骤
所有标准品、样品建议复孔检测
1.样本孵育：每孔分别加入50μL不同浓度的标准品/预处理过的待测样品，同时加入抗试剂50µL/孔（加抗试剂时请使用多道移液器），盖上封板膜在37℃下孵育30分钟。孵育结束后，重复步骤1中的清洗步骤3次。
2.二抗孵育：每孔加入100μL酶标抗体工作液，轻轻混匀，盖上封板膜在37℃下避光孵育30分钟。孵育结束后，重复步骤1中的清洗步骤4次。
3.底物显色：每孔首先加入50μL显色液A，随后加入50μL显色液B，轻轻混匀，盖上封板膜在37℃下避光孵育15分钟。（加显色液时请使用多道移液器，根据样品和对照抗体的颜色，自行控制显色时间）
4.终止反应：待显色反应结束后，每孔加入50μL终止液（加终止液时请使用多道移液器），轻轻混匀，5分钟内用预热完成的酶标仪在450nm处测吸光值。
精密度
批内精密度：三组已知的高、中、低浓度样品，进行二十次在同一个板块内精度评估。
批内变异系数 CV%小于10%。
批间精密度：三组已知的高、中、低浓度样品，进行二十次在不同板块内精度评估。
批间变异系数 CV%小于15%。
回收率
样本回收率：80%-120%
灵敏度
经样本测试，本试剂盒的检测灵敏度为0.11ppb。
线性关系
校准品剂量反应曲线相关系数r值，大于等于0.999。
交叉反应性
马氧化三甲胺：100%
实验步骤汇总
1.加标准品/样品和一抗，37℃反应30分钟，洗涤3次。
2.加酶标二抗，37℃反应30分钟，洗涤4次。
3.加显色液，37℃避光反应15分钟。
4.加终止液，在5分钟内读数。
结果的计算
以浓度的对数为横坐标，OD值为纵坐标，绘出四参数逻辑函数的标准曲线。或者使用能够生成四参数逻辑（4-P）曲线拟合的计算机软件来创建标准曲线。
若样品OD值高于标准曲线上限，应适当稀释后重测并在计算样本浓度时乘以相应的稀释倍数。
酶联生物经过不断的实验优化和改进，积累了大量的经验，拥有专业的酶联研发团队。利用专业的酶联免疫技术自主研发的elisa试剂盒，能对血清及其它样本定量检测抗原，定性检测特异性抗体。优质的试剂，先进的仪器和正确的操作是保证ELISA检测结果准确可靠的必要条件。ELISA检测的方便性、稳定性、重复性和可靠性方面都具有很大的优势。
ELISA检测技术服务内容：
1、双抗体夹心法检测抗原 2、间接法检测抗体 3、为客户提供各种ELISA技术进行样本检测。
以上代测费，凡购买本公司试剂盒，我们免费代测！
凡购买本公司目录任何一种酶联免疫检测试剂盒，您只需将需要检测的动物（Human, Rat, Mouse, Rabbit, Monkey,
Pig……）种类和检测指标（白介素类、激素类）及标本数量（48T/96T）通知公司业务员即可。在接到客户标本当日起，现货产品一周内将检测报告交到客户手中！
欢迎各科研单位在各种项目上与我们公司开展不同层次的密切合作，以双赢求发展，共同进步，为中国检测事业的发展积累经验。
二、样本要求
在收集标本前都必须有一个完整的计划，必须清楚要检测的成份是否足够稳定。我们提倡新鲜标本尽早检测，对收集后当天就进行检测的标本，及时储存在4℃备用，如有特殊原因需要周期收集标本，请造模取材后，将标本及时分装后放在-20℃或-70℃条件下保存。因冰室与室温存在一定温差，蛋白极易降解，直接影响实验质量，所以避免反复冻融。代测放免标本的客户取材前须向我司销售人员索要说明书，具体操作注意事项请与我司技术人员沟通。
液体类标本：标本必须为液体，不含沉淀。包括血清、血浆、尿液、胸腹水、脑脊液、细胞培养上清、组织匀浆等。
血清：室温血液自然凝固10-20分钟后，离心20分钟左右（2000-3000转/分）。收集上清。如有沉淀形成，应再次离心。
血浆：应根据试剂盒的要求选择EDTA、柠檬酸钠或肝素作为抗凝剂，加入10%（v/v）抗凝剂(0.1M柠檬酸钠或1%heparin
或2.0%EDTA.Na2)混合10-20分钟后，离心20分钟左右（2000-3000转/分）。仔细收集上清。如有沉淀形成，应再次离心。
尿液、胸腹水、脑脊液：用无菌管收集。离心20分钟左右（2000-3000转/分）。仔细收集上清。如有沉淀形成，应再次离心。
细胞培养上清：检测分泌性的成份时，用无菌管收集。离心20分钟左右（2000-3000转/分）。仔细收集上清。检测细胞内的成份时，用PBS（PH7.0-7.4）稀释细胞悬液，细胞浓度达到100万/ml左右。通过反复冻融，以使细胞破坏并放出细胞内成份。离心20分钟左右（2000-3000转/分）。仔细收集上清。保存过程中如有沉淀形成，应再次离心。
组织标本：切割标本后，称取重量。加入一定量的PBS，缓冲液中可加入1μg/L蛋白酶抑制剂或50U/ml的Aprotinin（抑肽酶）。用手工或匀浆器将标本匀浆充分。离心20分钟左右（2000-3000转/分）。仔细收集上清置于-20度或-70度保存，如有必要，可以将样品浓缩干燥。分装后一份待检测，其余冷冻备用。
三、寄标本时需注明以下情况：
1、标本编号；2、所测项目；3、是否做复孔；3、联系方式；4、实验后标本是否寄回。
客户须知：
客户应对所提供的材料及信息负责，如因客户提供的材料及信息不准确而引起的实验延误或经济损失由客户承担。
Q:1.
how to collect samples and preparation of ELISA?
Performed by ELISA test is generally common clinical samples including blood (finger
blood, blood), urine, feces, cerebrospinal fluid, pleural effusion, prostatic fluid,
semen, vaginal secretions, which
Some time of sample collection, preservation methods and has certain requirements.
Collection (a) clinical specimens
A, blood samples:Some physiological factors, such as smoking, eating, exercise, mood
swings, pregnancy, postural changes in blood can affect certain ingredients, even some
of diurnal variation. Therefore, blood samples
Acquisition should avoid interference physiological factors, consistent with appropriate
conditions, such as can not be avoided, should indicate the factors on the specimen.
1. Peripheral:Usually select the inside of blood left ring finger, the portion should be
no frostbite, inflammation, edema, damage. If the site does not meet the requirements to
other parts of the fingers instead. For burn patients, optional leather
Intact skin at the blood. As part of routine blood tests (eg, white blood cell count,
sort, etc.) affected by physiological factors fluctuation is too large, when compared to
the conditional should be consistent. It relates to the body, blood clotting function
Can test items (such as platelet count, bleeding time or clotting time) testing, we must
pay attention to understand whether the patient used anticoagulant, procoagulant drugs
in order to reduce or avoid interfering factors
influences.
2. Blood:In addition to involving a variety of projects such as hemostasis and
thrombosis detector requires the use of anticoagulated blood plasma, the current
analysis to detect the vast majority of projects can be directly detected using blood
serum. In the serum test items
, Some (such as blood sugar, blood fat) diet and circadian factors influenced, fasting
blood samples were generally appropriate; some decay rapidly in the blood (serum enzyme
activity assay such as ACP activity, etc.),
0 ~ 4 ℃ storage is not an activity decreased, the detection of these projects must be
timely and fast; some (such as creatine kinase) influenced by exercise and other
factors. Avoid hemolysis occurs when blood is also important
And, more particularly potassium, LDH and other measurement.
B, urine samples:With the same blood samples, urine samples affect diet, exercise,
medication and other factors that are also large, especially on the diet, so the morning
urine generally superior to random urine. Means getting up early morning urine
After the first urine specimens, representing concentrated and acidified visible
components (such as blood cells, epithelial cells, tubular) easy to observe the relative
concentration. Random urine that is a random urine specimens convenient, but by diet,
Sports, and even more the influence of drugs, prone to false positive and false negative
results, such as diet proteinuria, glucosuria diet, vitamin C interference occult blood
results and the like. Postprandial urine (patient 2 hours after lunch, collected
Human Urine) suitable for urine, urine protein and urobilinogen check urine samples at
this time to increase the sensitivity of the test, the detection of minor lesions. 12
hours in urine cell count is Addis count (last night 8:00
After emptying the bladder to all specimens of urine 8 o'clock the next morning),
because a long time, easy to breed bacteria shall be added preservative formaldehyde.
24-hour urine (the first day of the morning after emptying the bladder specimens from
8:00 to 8:00 the next morning
All urine) quantification of chemical substances, including proteins, sugars, urinary
17-one, 17-hydroxy steroids, catecholamines, Ca2 +, etc., to detect different
substances, choose a different preservative preservative. clean
Urine used for urine bacterial culture requires sterile specimens were taken after
washing the vulva. Urine specimens should be enough to collect all, at least 12 ml,
preferably 50 ml, the timing must collect all the urine of women
Patients should avoid vaginal secretions, blood contamination of urine specimens.
C, stool samples:Stool samples for the detection judgment digestive diseases has
important reference value. Collection requirements with a clean bamboo select faecal
mucus, pus and blood components and other abnormality, no abnormal appearance
Droppings shall be drawn from multiple surface and deep manure end. Get parasitemia and
for egg counts should be collected 24 hours feces. Dysentery amoeba trophozoites check
should immediately check in after a bowel movement, and from there sepsis
Softer at the drawn, insulation inspection. Charles S. japonicum eggs should take mucus,
pus and blood portion 30g stool specimens from at least miracidia hatching, and to be
treated as soon as possible. Check pinworm eggs must use transparent film swab
Night before 12:00 or early in the morning from defecation wrinkled folds around the
anus and immediately swabbing at microscopic examination. Occult blood test (chemistry),
fasting before the test on the 3rd of meat and foods containing animal blood and ban
clothing iron, vitamin C and so on.
Should be checked in all 1 hour stool specimen collection is completed, in order to
prevent damage to physical components of digestive enzymes and pH by. For clinical
samples above the detection indicators.
D, CSF samples:CSF samples collected immediately after submission, place too long will
affect the test results: such as cell degeneration, destruction, leading to counting and
classification are not allowed; some chemicals such as glucose content will decompose
Save
Less; bacteria occur autolysis affect bacteria detection rate. Cerebrospinal fluid
extracted three general dispensing a sterile tube, the first tube for bacterial culture,
a second tube for chemical analysis and immunological tests, the third tube for general
Characters and microscopic examination, three of the order should be reversed. Specimen
collection is difficult because all inspection and testing process should pay attention
to safety.
E, ascites and pleural effusion samples:CSF samples with the same attention to safety
after the specimen collection, and timely submission. Generally separated into three
tubes, one for routine cytology, a biochemical examination, a bacterial culture, in
order
CSF same is appropriate.
F, prostatic fluid sample:Prostatic fluid specimen after prostate massage by the
acquisition, directly drop when less liquid on a glass slide and timely submission shall
be taken to prevent sample evaporation to dryness, the amount collected for a long time
in a clean, dry test tube. If massage
No prostatic fluid, urine sediment can be checked after the massage.
G, semen samples:Abstinence before semen collection should be 3 to 7 days, drain the
urine after masturbation or other available methods of semen directly into clean
containers, insulation and timely submission. Due to changes in sperm production during
the day and
Large, generally should be checked 2 to 3 times (each time interval of 1 to 2 weeks) in
order to make a diagnosis.
H, samples of vaginal secretions:Vaginal samples were collected 24 hours before
intercourse should be prohibited, bath, vaginal examination, vaginal lavage and local on
the drug, etc., drawing instruments used need to be cleaned. Usually with brine-soaked
cotton swab from the vagina deep
Or rear vaginal fornix, cervical canal mouth drawn, etc., made after saline smear
vaginal secretion samples observation, women with menstrual vaginal secretions were not
checking.
2, do before each sample by ELISA experiment how to prepare?
Before collecting the sample must have a comprehensive plan must clearly be detected
component is stable enough. To be collected on the same day
Sample testing, and timely backup stored at 4 ℃. For the next day re-testing samples
frozen in a timely manner after dispensing -20 ℃ spare, conditional, preferably -70 ℃
cryopreservation standby. Avoid repeated freezing and thawing specimens
.
Liquid samples: including serum, plasma, urine, pleural effusion, cerebrospinal fluid,
cell culture supernatant and the like.
1. serum:
Coagulation at room temperature 10-20 mins, centrifugation 20 minutes or so (2000-3000
rev / min). Carefully collect the supernatant. If precipitation during storage,
Centrifugal again.
2. Plasma:
EDTA should be selected according to the requirements of the specimen, sodium citrate or
heparin as an anticoagulant, mix 10-20 mins, centrifugation 20 minutes or so (2000-3000
rev / min). Carefully collect the supernatant. Save process
If precipitation appeared, Centrifugal again.
3. Urine:
Sterile collection tube. Centrifuged for 20 minutes or so (2000-3000 rev / min).
Carefully collect the supernatant. If precipitation during storage, Centrifugal again.
Pleural and peritoneal effusions, and cerebrospinal fluid Reference to this practice.
4. The cell culture supernatant:
The detection of secretory component with a sterile collection tube. Centrifuged for 20
minutes or so (2000-3000 rev / min). Carefully collect the supernatant.
5. cultured cells
????When the detection of intracellular components, diluted with PBS (PH7.2-7.4) cell
suspension, the cell concentration reached 1 million / ml or so. By repeated freezing
and thawing or tissue protein extraction reagent was added to the cells
Damage and release of intracellular components. Centrifuged for 20 minutes or so
(2000-3000 rev / min). Carefully collect the supernatant. If precipitation during
storage, Centrifugal again.
6. tissues
????After cutting samples, check the weight. Adding a certain amount of PBS, PH7.4.
Rapidly frozen with liquid nitrogen. After thawing samples remained at 2-8 ℃. Adding a
certain amount of PBS
(PH7.4), or tissue protein extraction reagent, or by hand homogenizer homogenized
sample. Centrifuged for 20 minutes or so (2000-3000 rev / min). Carefully collect the
supernatant. A new package to be detected, which
I alternate freezing.
Q:Do
I have to run all of my standards and samples in duplicate?
A:Yes, the duplicates are run in order to monitor assay precision and increase
confidence in the assay results obtained.
Q:Do
I have to run all of my samples at one time?
A:No, each kit uses stripwell microplate. This allows the user to analyse different
numbers of samples at different times.
Q:What
types of reproducible results are obtained with the assays?
A:Each kit comes with a manual containing a graph of typical data obtained. Any
variation in operator, pipetting and washing technique, incubation time or temperature,
and kit age can cause variation in result. Each user should obtain their own standard
curve.
Q:Is
it possible to store the reagents other than indicated?
A:Storage of the kit components under conditions other than indicated is not recommended
in order to assure proper performance of the test.
Q:How
should I store my samples?
A:Samples should be stored at -20oC or lower temperature. For long-term storage, it is
recommended to freeze them at -70oC -80oC.
Q:Can
I modify the protocol?
A:BG ELISA kits have been optimized to provide the best possible results. Modifying the
format or protocol may give inaccurate and wrong results.
Q:Can
I use a sample type that is not recommended in the kit insert?
A:The kit has been validated for the sample types listed in the kit insert. Sample types
other than those validated have not been tested. Contact Technical Service for further
information.
Q:My
samples generated values that were outside the dynamic range of the assay. Can I use
these values?
A:It is recommended that only sample values that fall within the range of the standard
curve be used. Values outside the range of the standard curve are generally non-linear,
which can lead to incorrectly extrapolated values. Samples that generate values higher
than the highest standard should be (further) diluted and the assay repeated. If samples
fall below the range of the assay, the sample is considered to be non-detectable.
Q:Do
I have to run a Blank or Zero Standards every time?
A:Yes, these are required for the calculations, and reflect any subtle but significant
performance changes from day to day and assay to assay. They are also extremely helpful
when troubleshooting the source of a particular assay problem.
Q:Can
I alter the volume of sample I use in the assay?
A:It is not recommended that you alter the volumes since all BG kits are designed for
optimal performance at the given volumes
Q:Can
components from different kits be used?
A:Each kit contains components which have specific lot numbers to ensure that all of the
components are performing optimally alone, as well as with all of the other components
in the kit. QC testing is performed on these specific lots. It is never recommended to
use your own components or components from other kits or vendors.
Q:My
standard curve looked fine, but I didn’t get a signal in my sample when I expected
to, why?
A:The sample may not contain the analyte. A matrix effect may be masking the detection.
Ensure that the recommended dilution was followed as stated in the kit insert. If
dilution was recommended, check to be sure that the dilution was performed properly.
Over-dilution may cause the sample to fall below the range of the standard curve.
Q:How
do you recommend I wash my plate?
A:If you are using an automated plate washer we recommend that the calibration be
checked on a regular basis, and that the system is flushed with the Plate Washing Buffer
prior to washing. The same is true for a manual washer. A repeater or a wash bottle can
also be used. The user should be careful to ensure that all of the contents are
aspirated and the plate tapped dry on lint-free paper.
Q:Do
I need to use a plate shaker?
A:Reliable results can be obtained without a plate shaker, but the O.D.'s will generally
be lower than those obtained using a plate shaker.
Q:Why
do I have to use wavelength correction between 450-570nm?
A:For the ELISA assay, reading at dual wavelengths is done to correct for the optical
density contributed by the plastic well, the lamp and optical fluctuations.
Q:If
I extract my sample, do I still need to follow the recommended dilutions given in
the kit insert?
A:The amount of sample dilution needed after an extraction procedure will be affected by
the effects of purification and concentration in the protocol used. The amount of
dilution or concentration will have to be determined by the end-user.
Q:What
is the expected concentration of analyte that I should expect to find?
A:The amount of a given analyte may vary not only from species-to-species, but also
between tissue and cellular sources. The best source of this information is the current
literature that is easily accessed through the Internet at multiple scientific
databases.
Q:My
optical densities were a little higher (or lower) than those in the manual that came
with my kit. Why?
A:The optical density is affected by a number of physical conditions such as time and
temperature. We suggest that you shorten or lengthen the final incubation with substrate
solution to compensate.
Q:What
are the reasons for High Background?
A:1) Improper Washing: Check volume of washing buffer reservoir and make sure all
recommended washing steps are performed.
2) Contaminated Substrate: Make sure there is no contamination of the substrate with
metal ions or oxidizing reagents, before use. Keep the extra substrate solution
separately during the ELISA substrate development time.
3) Substrate exposed to light: Exposure to light may result in a blue color of the
substrate. Keep solutions in the dark (vial) until ready to dispense into the plate.
4) Wrong Incubation Times/Temperatures: Generally follow the test protocol regarding
incubation times and temperatures. However, if all wells are intensely and equally
colored with no intensity gradient observed in the standard dilution series, then it may
be necessary to observe the substrate reaction as the color is developing, in order to
stop the reaction sooner.
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