肿瘤标志物与ELISA检测
<p> <font face="Calibri" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">ELISA</font><font face="宋体" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt;">是一种经典的免疫分析技术,通过抗体与抗原的特异性结合,来测量生物样本中的目标分子(如蛋白质、抗体等)。该技术的核心优势在于特异性强、灵敏度高、操作相对简便、适合大规模分析且成本效益好。由于商业化发展成熟,市面上有大量标准化的<a href="https://www.mlbio.cn/">elisa试剂盒</a>可供选择,它们通常无需昂贵的仪器,并能在一定程度上简化样本的预处理。正是凭借其高选择性和高灵敏度,</font><font face="Calibri" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">ELISA</font><font face="宋体" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt;">非常适合从血液等复杂生物基质中检测特定成分。例如,许多癌症生物标志物就可以通过血液样本进行检测,因此,</font><font face="Calibri" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">ELISA</font><font face="宋体" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt;">已成为一种重要的非侵入性或微创检测手段,用于定量分析这些标志物并辅助疾病监测。</font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> <img src="/images/upload/Image/4(7).png" width="500" height="375" alt="上海酶联生物elisa试剂盒" /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> <strong><font face="宋体">什么是肿瘤标志物?</font></strong></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> <font face="宋体">肿瘤标志物是指癌细胞或体内其他细胞中存在或产生的任何物质,可用于判断癌症或某些良性(非癌症)疾病。它提供有关癌症的信息,例如癌症的侵袭性、是否需要靶向治疗或是否对治疗有反应等。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> <font face="宋体">传统上,肿瘤标志物是由正常细胞和癌细胞产生的蛋白质或其他物质,但癌细胞产生的量更大。这些物质可存在于某些癌症患者的血液、尿液、粪便、肿瘤或其他组织或体液中。然而,越来越多的基因组标志物(例如肿瘤基因突变、肿瘤基因表达模式以及肿瘤</font><font face="Calibri">DNA</font><font face="宋体">的非遗传性改变)被用作肿瘤标志物。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> <font face="宋体">目前已鉴定出多种不同的肿瘤标志物并应用于临床。有些仅与一种癌症相关,而另一些则与多种不同类型的癌症相关。目前尚无一种</font><font face="宋体">“通用”肿瘤标志物可以指示所有类型的癌症。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> <font face="宋体">癌症治疗中使用的肿瘤标志物主要有两种类型,分别用于不同的目的:循环肿瘤标志物和肿瘤组织标志物。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> <font face="宋体">循环肿瘤标志物可存在于部分癌症患者的血液、尿液、粪便或其他体液中。循环肿瘤标志物用于:评估预后,即检测治疗后残留的癌症(残留病灶)或复发的癌症;评估治疗反应;以及监测癌症是否对治疗产生耐药性。虽然循环肿瘤标志物水平升高可能提示存在癌症,但仅凭这些指标不足以诊断癌症。例如,非癌性疾病有时会导致某些肿瘤标志物水平升高。此外,并非所有癌症患者的肿瘤标志物水平都会升高。因此,循环肿瘤标志物的检测通常与其他检测结果(例如活检或影像学检查)相结合,以诊断癌症。在癌症治疗期间也可以定期检测肿瘤标志物。例如,循环肿瘤标志物水平下降可能提示癌症对治疗有反应,而水平升高或保持不变则可能提示癌症对治疗无反应。循环肿瘤标志物还可以检测治疗结束后的复发(癌症复发)。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> <font face="宋体">常用的循环肿瘤标志物包括降钙素(在血液中测量),用于评估治疗反应、筛查复发和估计髓样甲状腺癌的预后;</font><font face="Calibri">CA-125</font><font face="宋体">(在血液中测量),用于监测癌症治疗的有效性和卵巢癌是否复发;β</font><font face="Calibri">-2-</font><font face="宋体">微球蛋白(在血液、尿液或脑脊液中测量),用于评估多发性骨髓瘤、慢性淋巴细胞白血病和某些淋巴瘤的预后和治疗反应。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> <strong><font face="宋体">肿瘤组织标志物</font></strong></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> <font face="宋体">肿瘤组织标志物存在于实际肿瘤中,通常存在于活检过程中取出的肿瘤样本中。肿瘤组织标志物用于:癌症的诊断、分期和</font><font face="Calibri">/</font><font face="宋体">或分类;预后评估;选择合适的治疗方法(例如靶向治疗)。在某些类型的癌症中,肿瘤标志物的水平反映了疾病的分期(程度)和</font><font face="Calibri">/</font><font face="宋体">或患者的预后(可能的结果或病程)。例如,在血液中测量甲胎蛋白,可以评估生殖细胞肿瘤的分期、预后评估和追踪治疗反应。一些肿瘤组织标志物是特定靶向治疗的靶点。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0000pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体">常用的肿瘤组织标志物包括雌激素受体和孕激素受体(乳腺癌),用于确定激素治疗和一些靶向治疗是否合适;</font><font face="Calibri">EGFR</font><font face="宋体">基因突变分析(非小细胞肺癌),用于帮助确定治疗方法和估计预后;以及</font><font face="Calibri">PD-L1</font><font face="宋体">(在许多癌症类型中),用于确定称为免疫检查点抑制剂的靶向治疗是否合适。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0000pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0000pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0000pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体">上述肿瘤标志物均可通过酶联免疫吸附试验(</font><font face="Calibri">ELISA</font><font face="宋体">)检测,并在肿瘤诊断和治疗中发挥着重要作用。</font><font face="Calibri">ELISA</font><font face="宋体">作为一种常用的癌症生物标志物检测方法,具有较高的灵敏度和特异性,为癌症的早期诊断和治疗提供了强有力的支持。未来,随着生物技术的不断发展,相信会有更多新技术得到应用,进一步提高癌症标志物检测的准确性和全面性。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>