一文读懂:从系统性红斑狼疮到类风湿,ELISA检测如何锁定不同自身免疫病
<p> <span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt;"> </span><font face="宋体" style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt;">自身免疫性疾病是指人体免疫系统错误地攻击自身正常细胞或组织,导致炎症和损伤的一类疾病。自身免疫性疾病的病因尚不明确,但可能与遗传、感染、环境等因素有关。自身免疫性疾病可分为器官特异性和系统性两类。前者主要影响单个器官,而后者则影响全身多个组织或器官。</font></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> <img src="/images/upload/Image/微信图片_20250331164425(1).jpg" alt="上海酶联生物elisa试剂盒" width="500" height="375" /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> <font face="宋体">自身免疫性疾病的类型和表现多种多样,目前已知的自身免疫性疾病超过</font><font face="Calibri">100</font><font face="宋体">种。一些常见的自身免疫性疾病包括:</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> <strong><font face="Calibri">1</font><font face="宋体">型糖尿病</font></strong><font face="宋体">:胰腺分泌胰岛素的β细胞被免疫系统破坏,导致血糖升高及其他并发症。主要症状是多饮、多尿、多食、体重下降、疲劳等。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> <strong><font face="宋体">类风湿关节炎</font></strong><font face="宋体">:关节软骨及骨骼受到免疫系统侵蚀,导致关节肿胀、发红、僵硬、变形及功能障碍。主要症状包括晨僵、对称性小关节肿胀疼痛、关节活动受限等。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> <strong><font face="宋体">桥本甲状腺炎</font></strong><font face="宋体">:甲状腺组织因免疫系统受损,导致甲状腺功能减退。主要症状为疲劳、嗜睡、体重增加、皮肤干冷、声音嘶哑等。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> <strong><font face="宋体">克罗恩病</font></strong><font face="宋体">:肠黏膜受到免疫系统攻击,导致肠溃疡、出血、穿孔等,主要症状为腹泻、腹部绞痛、发热、体重下降等。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> <strong><font face="宋体">系统性红斑狼疮</font></strong><font face="宋体">:全身各组织器官受到免疫系统损害,导致多种严重并发症。主要表现为面部蝴蝶状红斑、发热、关节肿痛、皮肤损害、肾脏损害等。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> <font face="宋体">自身免疫性疾病的早期发现和诊断至关重要,因为这些疾病如果不及时治疗,可能会产生严重甚至危及生命的后果。例如,</font><font face="Calibri">1</font><font face="宋体">型糖尿病患者如果未及时注射胰岛素,可能会出现酮症或昏迷;类风湿关节炎患者如果未及时控制关节损伤,可能会致残或出现心血管并发症;全身性红斑患者如果未及时抑制自身免疫反应,则可能引起心包积液或肾衰竭。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> <font face="宋体">诊断自身免疫性疾病通常需要结合病史、体征、实验室检查和影像学检查。实验室检查主要包括血液检查和免疫学检查,以评估炎症程度并检测特异性自身抗体。其中,酶联免疫吸附试验(</font><font face="Calibri">ELISA</font><font face="宋体">)是一种常用的血液检测方法,可用于检测自身免疫性疾病。</font><font face="Calibri">ELISA</font><font face="宋体">检测通常用于寻找与这些疾病相关的抗体或抗原。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> <font face="宋体">抗体是由免疫系统产生的特殊蛋白质,能够识别并结合外来抗原(例如病毒、细菌等),从而发挥免疫防御作用。然而,在某些情况下,免疫系统也会产生针对自身组织或器官的抗体。这些抗体被称为自身抗体,它们可引发不同的自身免疫性疾病。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> <font face="宋体">不同类型的自身抗体与不同的自身免疫性疾病存在一定的关系,例如:</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> <font face="宋体">类风湿因子(</font><font face="Calibri">RF</font><font face="宋体">)是针对人类免疫球蛋白</font><font face="Calibri">G</font><font face="宋体">(</font><font face="Calibri">IgG</font><font face="宋体">)的自身抗体,主要与类风湿关节炎(</font><font face="Calibri">RA</font><font face="宋体">)相关,约</font><font face="Calibri">70%</font><font face="宋体">~</font><font face="Calibri">80%</font><font face="宋体">的</font><font face="Calibri">RA</font><font face="宋体">患者血清</font><font face="Calibri">RF</font><font face="宋体">呈阳性。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> <font face="宋体">抗核抗体(</font><font face="Calibri">ANA</font><font face="宋体">)是一种针对核成分的自身抗体,主要与系统性红斑狼疮(</font><font face="Calibri">SLE</font><font face="宋体">)相关。约</font><font face="Calibri">95%</font><font face="宋体">的</font><font face="Calibri">SLE</font><font face="宋体">患者血清中</font><font face="Calibri">ANA</font><font face="宋体">呈阳性。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> <font face="宋体">甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(</font><font face="Calibri">TPOAb</font><font face="宋体">)是针对甲状腺过氧化物酶的自身抗体,主要与桥本甲状腺炎(</font><font face="Calibri">HT</font><font face="宋体">)相关,约</font><font face="Calibri">90%</font><font face="宋体">的</font><font face="Calibri">HT</font><font face="宋体">患者血清</font><font face="Calibri">TPOAb</font><font face="宋体">呈阳性。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> </span></p>
<h3><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> <font face="Calibri">ELISA</font><font face="宋体">检测在自身免疫性疾病中的作用和意义</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> </span></p>
<p><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> <font face="宋体"><strong>帮助诊断自身免疫性疾病</strong></font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> <font face="宋体">自身免疫检测可以检测血液中是否存在特定的自身抗体,从而判断您是否患有自身免疫性疾病或是否有患病风险。例如,如果血液中检测到类风湿因子(</font><font face="Calibri">RF</font><font face="宋体">)呈阳性,则患者患有类风湿关节炎(</font><font face="Calibri">RA</font><font face="宋体">)的可能性很高;如果血液中检测到抗核抗体(</font><font face="Calibri">ANA</font><font face="宋体">)呈阳性,则患者患有类风湿关节炎(</font><font face="Calibri">RA</font><font face="宋体">)的可能性很高;如果血液中检测到抗核抗体(</font><font face="Calibri">ANA</font><font face="宋体">)呈阳性,则患者患有系统性红斑狼疮(</font><font face="Calibri">SLE</font><font face="宋体">)的可能性很高等等。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> </span></p>
<p><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> <font face="宋体"><strong>帮助监测自身免疫性疾病的活动和治疗反应</strong></font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> <font face="宋体">自身免疫检测可以反映自身免疫系统的活跃程度,从而评估自身免疫性疾病的严重程度和预后。例如,如果血液中</font><font face="Calibri">RF</font><font face="宋体">或</font><font face="Calibri">ANA</font><font face="宋体">水平较高,则表示自身免疫反应较强,可能造成更大的组织或器官损伤;如果血液中</font><font face="Calibri">RF</font><font face="宋体">或</font><font face="Calibri">ANA</font><font face="宋体">水平较低或降低,则表示自身免疫反应较强,可能造成更大的组织或器官损伤;较弱或受控的免疫反应可能带来更好的治愈结果。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> </span></p>
<p><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> <font face="宋体"><strong>帮助预防自身免疫性疾病的发生和发展</strong></font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> <font face="宋体">自身免疫检测可以在自身免疫性疾病出现明显的临床表现之前,检测出血液中异常自身抗体的存在,从而提醒患者及时采取预防措施,如避免诱发因素、调整生活方式、使用药物等,减少或延缓自身免疫性疾病的发生和发展。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>