实验中易变质试剂的保存

<p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">化学试剂</span></span></strong><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">常常因为保管或使用不当而变质，其中有些因易挥发而变质并污染空气；有些易吸收水分而潮解或水解而变质；有些因易与空气中的氧气、二氧化碳或其他杂质作用而变质；有些会因光照或环境温度较高而变质。</span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">&nbsp;</span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="background-color: rgb(153, 204, 0);"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">这类试剂应注意根据其特性妥为保管与使用。在中学化学实验室，常见的有以下几种：</span></span></span></strong><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="color: rgb(255, 153, 0);"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">1<font face="宋体">．易挥发的试剂</font></span></span></span></strong><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">特性：易挥发。</span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">实例：浓盐酸、浓氨水、低沸点有机物（如四氯化碳、氯仿、甲醛溶液等）。</span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">保管与取用的注意事项：要严密盖紧瓶盖，保存在阴凉通风处，取用后要立即盖紧瓶盖。</span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(255, 153, 0);"><strong><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">2<font face="宋体">．易潮解或易水解的试剂</font></span></span></strong></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">特性：易吸收环境中的水分（水蒸气）而潮解或水解。</span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">实例：氯化钙、氯化锌、氯化钴、氯化亚锡、氯化亚铁、氯化铁、硝酸铵、硝酸钠、硫化钠、五氧化二磷、三氯磷、五氯化磷、无水氯化铝等。</span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">保管及使用的注意事项：严密盖紧瓶盖并刷石蜡密封，保存在阴凉干燥处，启封取用后要及时重新盖紧封好。</span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(255, 153, 0);"><strong><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">3<font face="宋体">．见光或环境温度高时易分解变质的试剂</font></span></span></strong></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">特性：受光照或环境温度高时易分解或变质。</span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><font face="宋体">实例：硝酸银、浓双氧水、碘化钾、溴化钾、氯化亚汞、亚硝酸盐、漂白、氯水、溴水、在光照下易被氧化的物质（如</font>H2S<font face="宋体">溶液、亚铁盐、金属的较低价盐类等）、在光照下易被还原的物质（如高锰酸盐、铬酸盐、三氧化铬等）。</font></span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">&nbsp;</span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><strong><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">保管与使用的注意事项：</span></span></strong></span><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">用棕色、黄棕色、黑色等有色玻璃瓶盛装，若用无色玻璃瓶盛装时瓶外要套黑纸套，保存于阴凉处，使用时也要注意避光。</span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>