大鼠小鼠取血时的操作步骤

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">为了对更多事物有更深的了解，人们需要不断的做实验，得到数据后进行分析。一般做动物实验是很多的，其中老鼠是很常见的实验对象，因为老鼠数量多，容易捕获。不过人们在对大鼠小鼠取血的时候也是有一定的注意事项，这样才不会影响实验数据。</span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background-color: rgb(204, 255, 204);"><strong><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">大鼠小鼠取血操作步骤：</span></span></strong></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="color: rgb(255, 102, 0);"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">1.<font face="宋体">剪尾采血</font></span></span></span></strong><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><font face="宋体">小鼠每次采血量</font>0.1ml<font face="宋体">，大鼠每次采血量</font><font face="Calibri">0.3-0.5ml;</font></span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><font face="宋体">左手拇指和食指从背部抓住鼠颈部皮肤，将鼠头朝下，鼠保定后将其尾巴置于</font>50<font face="宋体">℃热水中浸泡数分钟，使尾部血管充盈。擦干尾部，再用剪刀或刀片剪去尾尖</font><font face="Calibri">1-2mm</font><font face="宋体">，用试管接流出的血液，同时自尾根部向尾尖按摩。取血后用棉球压迫止血并用</font><font face="Calibri">6%</font><font face="宋体">液体火棉胶涂在伤口处止血。</font></span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(255, 102, 0);"><strong><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">2.<font face="宋体">摘除眼球采血</font></span></span></strong></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><font face="宋体">小鼠采血量</font>0.5-1ml</span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">左手抓住小鼠颈部皮肤，轻压在实验台上，取侧卧位，左手食指尽量将小鼠眼周皮肤往颈后压，使眼球突出。用眼科弯镊迅速夹去眼球，将鼠倒立，用器皿接住流出的血液。采血完毕立即用纱布压迫止血。大鼠少用。</span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(255, 102, 0);"><strong><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">3.<font face="宋体">心脏采血</font></span></span></strong></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><font face="宋体">小鼠采血量</font>0.5-0.6ml<font face="宋体">，大鼠采血量</font><font face="Calibri">1-1.5ml</font></span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><font face="宋体">鼠仰卧位固定，剪去胸前区被毛，皮肤消毒后，用左手食指在左侧第</font>3-4<font face="宋体">肋间触摸到心搏处，右手持带有</font><font face="Calibri">4-5</font><font face="宋体">号针头的注射器，选择心搏强处穿刺，当刺中心脏时，血液会自动进入注射器。</font></span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(255, 102, 0);"><strong><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">4.<font face="宋体">断头采血</font></span></span></strong></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><font face="宋体">小鼠采血</font>0.8-1.2ml<font face="宋体">，大鼠采血量</font><font face="Calibri">5-10ml</font></span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><font face="宋体">左手拇指和食指从背部抓住鼠颈部皮肤，将鼠头朝下，右手用剪刀剪断鼠颈部约</font>1/2-4/5<font face="宋体">，让血液流入试管。</font></span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(255, 102, 0);"><strong><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">5.<font face="宋体">眼眶静脉丛采血</font></span></span></strong></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><font face="宋体">小鼠采血量为</font>0.2-0.4ml<font face="宋体">，大鼠采血量为</font><font face="Calibri">0.4-0.8ml;</font></span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><font face="宋体">取内径为</font>1.0-1.5mm<font face="宋体">的玻璃毛细管，临用前折断成</font><font face="Calibri">1</font><font face="宋体">～</font><font face="Calibri">1.5cm</font><font face="宋体">长的毛细管段，浸入</font><font face="Calibri">1</font><font face="宋体">％肝素溶液中，干燥后用。取血时左手抓住鼠两耳之间的颈背部皮肤以固定头部，轻轻向下压迫颈部两侧，引起头部静脉血液回流困难使眼眶静脉丛充血，右手持毛细管由内眦部插入结膜，再轻轻向眼底部方向推进，轻轻旋转毛细管以划破静脉丛，让血液顺毛细管流出，接收入事先准备的容器中。采血后纱布轻压眼部止血。小鼠、大鼠、豚鼠及家兔均可采取此法取血。刺入深度小鼠为</font><font face="Calibri">2-3mm</font><font face="宋体">，可采血</font><font face="Calibri">0.2-0.3ml</font><font face="宋体">；大鼠为</font><font face="Calibri">4-5mm</font><font face="宋体">，可采血</font><font face="Calibri">0.4-0.8ml</font><font face="宋体">。</font></span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="background-color: rgb(204, 255, 204);"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">（以上采血均需注意，防止毛絮进入血液导致溶血等，另外就是防止剧烈的晃动，一般采集后须静置，并离心收集血清（或血浆）；分离之前不可冷冻。分离之后的血清（浆）可视情况进行冻存处理。）</span></span></span></strong><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>