我们为您详述细胞污染的分类及区别

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体">污染向来是在细胞培养中的大问题。预防或治理污染是细胞培养成功的关键因素。我们在<strong>细胞培养</strong>时，在开始阶段就要十分重视污染问题，否则会前功尽弃，这样不仅浪费时间，也会浪费人力、物力。</font>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background-color: rgb(204, 153, 255);"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt;">(<font face="宋体">一</font><font face="Calibri">)&nbsp; </font><font face="宋体">有哪几类污染？</font></span></strong></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"> </font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体">在细胞培养过程中的污染不只是指微生物，而且还包括所有混入培养环境中的、对细胞生存有害或造成细胞不纯的物质，包括生物和化学物质。</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt;">1<font face="宋体">、细菌污染</font></span></strong></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"> </font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体">细菌污染是实验室<strong>细胞培养</strong>中常见的污染，即使在细胞培养液中加入了抗菌素，也可能因为操作不慎而引起污染。最常见的有革兰氏阳性菌，如枯草杆菌以及大肠杆菌、假单胞菌等革兰氏阴性菌，其中又以白色葡萄球菌较常见。培养细胞受细菌污染后，会出现培养液变混浊，</font>pH<font face="宋体">改变。污染后细胞发生病理改变，胞内颗粒增多、增粗，最后变圆脱落死亡。</font><font face="Calibri">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">&nbsp;</span></strong></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt;">2<font face="宋体">、真菌污染</font></span></strong></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"> </font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体">真菌污染是<strong>细胞培养</strong>过程中最常见的一种，最常见的真菌有烟曲霉、黑曲菌、孔子霉、毛霉菌、白色念珠菌和酵母菌。培养细胞受真菌污染后，可见培养液中漂浮着白色或浅黄色的小点，有的散在生长，培养液一般不发生混浊；倒置显微镜下可见丝状、管状或树枝状的菌丝纵横交错在细胞之间或培养基中，有的呈链状排列。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体">真菌污染后，细胞生长变慢，但最后由于营养耗尽及毒性作用而使细胞脱落死亡。</font> </span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">&nbsp;</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt;">3<font face="宋体">、支原体污染</font></span></strong></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"> </font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体">支原体是介于细菌与病毒之间能独立生活的最小微生物，最小直径</font>0.2<font face="宋体">&mu;</font><font face="Calibri">m</font><font face="宋体">，一般过滤除菌无法去除它，光镜下难以看清它的形态结构。开始不易发现，能在偏碱条件下生存，对青霉素有抗药性。多吸附于细胞表面或散在于细胞之间。</font><font face="Calibri">&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体">培养细胞受支原体污染后，部分敏感细胞可见细胞生长增殖变慢，部分细胞变圆，从瓶壁脱落。但多数细胞污染后无明显变化，或略有变化，若不及时处理，还会产生交叉污染。</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt;"><font face="宋体">4、非同种细胞污染</font></span></strong></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"> </font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体">由于细胞培养操作时各细胞株所需的器材和溶液没有严格分开，往往会使一种细胞被另一种细胞污染。目前，世界上已有几十种细胞都被</font>HeLa<font face="宋体">细胞所污染，致使许多实验宣告无效。</font><font face="Calibri">&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体">细胞培养物所造成的化学成分的污染也偶有发生，大多是由于细胞培养所需物品清洗消毒不彻底而带入一些有毒化学物质所致。</font> </span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">&nbsp;</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background-color: rgb(204, 153, 255);"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt;"><font face="宋体">（二）污染类型的区别</font></span></strong></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt;">1<font face="宋体">、细菌、真菌污染的检测</font></span></strong></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"> </font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="color: rgb(255, 102, 0);"><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt;">(1)&nbsp;</span></span></strong><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> <font face="宋体">肉眼观察 </font><font face="Calibri">---- </font><font face="宋体">细菌、真菌污染常在传代、换液、加样等开放性操作之后发生，而且增生迅速，若有污染，在</font><font face="Calibri">48</font><font face="宋体">小时内可明显观察到，例如培养液变混浊，或略加振荡有很多漂浮物漂起。</font><font face="Calibri">&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(255, 102, 0);"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt;">(2)</span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt;">&nbsp; </span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体">接种观察 </font><font face="Calibri">---- </font><font face="宋体">用普通肉汤接种或用未加双抗药物的培养液接种，也可发现是否有污染。</font><font face="Calibri">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(255, 102, 0);"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt;">(3)</span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt;">&nbsp; </span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体">镜下观察 </font><font face="Calibri">---- </font><font face="宋体">倒置显微镜的高倍镜下可见培养液中有大量圆球状颗粒漂浮，即为细菌污染。细胞之间有丝状、管状、树枝状或卵形的物质常为真菌污染。</font><font face="Calibri">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">&nbsp;</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt;">2<font face="宋体">、支原体污染的检测</font></span></strong></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"> </font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(255, 102, 0);"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt;">(1)</span></strong></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">&nbsp; <font face="宋体">相差显微镜观察 </font><font face="Calibri">---- </font><font face="宋体">接取少许培养液滴在载物片上，再盖上盖片观察，支原体在镜下呈暗色微小颗粒，多位于细胞与细胞之间，有时可见类似于布朗运动的表现。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体">注意与细胞破碎溢出的内容物如线粒体等相区别。</font><font face="Calibri">&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(255, 102, 0);"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt;">(2)</span></strong></span><strong><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">&nbsp;</span></strong><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> <font face="宋体">荧光染色法观察 </font><font face="Calibri">---- </font><font face="宋体">荧光染料</font><font face="Calibri">Hoechst33258</font><font face="宋体">，此染料能与</font><font face="Calibri">DNA</font><font face="宋体">特异地结合，可使支原体内的</font><font face="Calibri">DNA</font><font face="宋体">着色，荧光显微镜下支原体呈绿色小点，散在于细胞周围或附于细胞表面。</font><font face="Calibri">&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(255, 102, 0);"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt;">(3)</span></strong></span><strong><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">&nbsp;</span></strong><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> <font face="宋体">电镜检测</font><font face="Calibri">&nbsp;---- </font><font face="宋体">条件许可，可用扫描电镜或透射电镜观察。一般在细胞培养</font><font face="Calibri">48</font><font face="宋体">～</font><font face="Calibri">72</font><font face="宋体">小时，细胞接近汇合前，用胰酶消化细胞制成细胞悬液后进行固定、包埋、切片后才能进行观察。</font><font face="Calibri">&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(255, 102, 0);"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt;">(4)</span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt;">&nbsp;</span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> <font face="宋体">培养检测</font><font face="Calibri">&nbsp;---- </font><font face="宋体">细胞悬液</font><font face="Calibri">5mL</font><font face="宋体">加入</font><font face="Calibri">45mL</font><font face="宋体">支原体肉汤培养基，培养</font><font face="Calibri">14</font><font face="宋体">天后观察肉汤培养有无雾状沉淀，然后取</font><font face="Calibri">0.5ml</font><font face="宋体">加入已冷却到</font><font face="Calibri">50</font><font face="宋体">℃的培养基中，再用琼脂培养基做分离培养，</font><font face="Calibri">37</font><font face="宋体">℃培养</font><font face="Calibri">3</font><font face="宋体">天观察有无&ldquo;荷包蛋&rdquo;菌落出现。</font><font face="Calibri">&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">&nbsp;</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt;">3<font face="宋体">、病毒的检测</font></span></strong></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"> </font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="color: rgb(255, 102, 0);"><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt;">(1)&nbsp; </span></span></strong><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体">应用电镜技术快速诊断动物病毒病</font><font face="Calibri">&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(255, 102, 0);"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt;">(2)&nbsp; </span></strong></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体">逆转录</font><font face="Calibri">_</font><font face="宋体">聚合酶链反应</font><font face="Calibri">RT_PCR</font><font face="宋体">检测病毒</font><font face="Calibri">&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>