国产elisa试剂盒的发展历程
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体">我公司的</font><strong>elisa<font face="宋体">试剂盒</font></strong><font face="宋体">相对国外来说,起步晚,发展快,并已形成中国特色的酶联免疫试剂盒技术核心,在生物行业,你不知道</font><font face="Calibri">ELISA</font><font face="宋体">试剂盒你就</font><font face="Calibri">out</font><font face="宋体">了,下面我们讲讲酶</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt;"><font face="宋体">我司的</font>elisa<font face="宋体">试剂盒的发展历史:</font></span></strong></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体">免疫检验技术的出现最早可追溯至</font>19<font face="宋体">世纪末。</font><font face="Calibri">1896</font><font face="宋体">年,</font><font face="Calibri">Widal</font><font face="宋体">发现在伤寒杆菌中加入伤寒病菌人的血清可致伤寒杆菌发生特异的凝集现象,利用这种凝集现象可有效的诊断伤寒病,这就是最早的用于病原体感染诊断的免疫凝集试验,亦即著名的肥达试验(</font><font face="Calibri">Widaltest</font><font face="宋体">)。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体">稍后,即</font>1897<font face="宋体">年,</font><font face="Calibri">Kraus</font><font face="宋体">又发现将细菌培养液与其相应的抗血清混合后可发生肉眼可见的沉淀反应,于是,免疫沉淀试验又应运而生。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体">到</font>1900<font face="宋体">年,维也纳大学病理解剖系的年仅</font><font face="Calibri">32</font><font face="宋体">岁的助教</font><font face="Calibri">Landsteiner</font><font face="宋体">发现在一些人的血浆能使另一些的红细胞凝集,这种同种凝集现象的发现,成为人类血型分类的基础,并由此而衍生了生物科学中的一个特殊分支即免疫血液学,</font><font face="Calibri">Land</font><font face="宋体">—</font><font face="Calibri">steiner</font><font face="宋体">也因人类血型的发现获得了</font><font face="Calibri">1930</font><font face="宋体">年的诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。并且,直至今天,我们仍然在使用基本的红细胞凝集试验鉴定</font><font face="Calibri">ABO</font><font face="宋体">血型。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体">在同一年代,</font>Bordet<font face="宋体">又发现了补体结合试验(</font><font face="Calibri">c</font><font face="宋体">。</font><font face="Calibri">mplementfixationtest</font><font face="宋体">,</font><font face="Calibri">CFT</font><font face="宋体">),即抗原抗体反应后具有补体结合的能力,如红细胞与溶血素反应后,如有补体存在即可出现溶血现象。因此,利用这种免疫溶血机制做指示系统,可以检测另一反应系统中抗原或抗体的存在与否。</font><font face="Calibri">1906</font><font face="宋体">年</font><font face="Calibri">Wassermann</font><font face="宋体">将这种试验用于梅毒螺旋体感染的诊断,建立了著名的华氏反应。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">下面我们首先来看看免疫沉淀反应测定技术的发展历程。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">1902<font face="宋体">年</font><font face="Calibri">Ascoli</font><font face="宋体">建立了环状沉淀试验。</font><font face="Calibri">1905</font><font face="宋体">年</font><font face="Calibri">Bechhold</font><font face="宋体">将抗体混溶在明胶中,然后再将相应特异抗原加于其上,酶联免疫试剂盒抗原抗体的特异结合可在明胶中出现沉淀。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">1946<font face="宋体">年</font><font face="Calibri">Oudin</font><font face="宋体">报道了试管单向免疫扩散试验。到</font><font face="Calibri">1965</font><font face="宋体">年</font><font face="Calibri">Mancini</font><font face="宋体">又提出了平板单向免疫扩散试验,这种试验的出现使得以前只能进行定性测定的免疫试验进入到了定量的时代,并且其仍是目前最为常用的简易抗原定量方法,如免疫球蛋白、补体</font><font face="Calibri">C3</font><font face="宋体">和</font><font face="Calibri">C4</font><font face="宋体">等的测定。由</font><font face="Calibri">Ouchterlony</font><font face="宋体">首先报道的平板法双向免疫扩散试验,仍然是抗原抗体鉴定的最基本方法之一。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体">由</font>Grabar<font face="宋体">和</font><font face="Calibri">Williams</font><font face="宋体">在内</font><font face="Calibri">1953</font><font face="宋体">年首先报道的免疫电泳,其将区带电泳和免疫双扩散有机地结合了起来,可很方便地用于纯化抗原和抗体成分的分析及正常和异体液蛋白的识别。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体">其后,又出现了对流免疫电泳、火箭免疫电泳和免疫固定电泳等。免疫沉淀反应发展到此,基本上可以说是经典免疫沉淀试验发展阶段,这些所谓的经典免疫沉淀试验不但测定范围狭窄(</font>10<font face="宋体">~</font><font face="Calibri">lOOt~g</font><font face="宋体">/</font><font face="Calibri">m1</font><font face="宋体">)、灵敏度低,而且繁琐费时,不能自动化。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体">因此,到了</font>20<font face="宋体">世纪</font><font face="Calibri">70</font><font face="宋体">年代,根据抗原抗体能在液相中快速结合的原理,出现了微量免疫沉淀试验,即免疫透射比浊测定、免疫胶乳比浊测定和免疫散射比浊测定,这几种比浊测定方法均已用于临床体液特定蛋白含量的测定,现已有多种自动化检测仪器应用于免疫散射比浊测定。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体">免疫凝集反应测定技术则经历了直接凝集试验、间接凝集试验和自身红细胞凝集试验等几个发展阶段。直接凝集试验常用的有玻片法和试管法两种,如在玻片上进行的红细胞</font>ABO<font face="宋体">血型的鉴定试验,在试管中进行的肥达试验和外斐试验(</font><font face="Calibri">Weil-Felixtest</font><font face="宋体">)以及交叉配血凝集试验等。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体">间接凝集试验中曾经应用较为广泛的有间接血凝试验和胶乳凝集试验,如国内</font>20<font face="宋体">世纪</font><font face="Calibri">80</font><font face="宋体">年代初酶联免疫试剂盒广为应用于</font><font face="Calibri">HBsAg</font><font face="宋体">测定的反向间接血细胞凝集试验,用于</font><font face="Calibri">hCG</font><font face="宋体">和类风湿因子(</font><font face="Calibri">RF</font><font face="宋体">)测定的胶乳凝集试验等。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体">自身红细胞凝集试验则是近些年来发展的不同于以前的免疫凝集试验的快速检验技术,其最大的特点是采用一种双功能抗体试剂,以患者自身红细胞作为凝集反应指示系统,检测方便快速,只要</font>2min<font face="宋体">就完成凝集反应。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>