胎牛血清运用中遇到的常见问题

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt;">1<font face="宋体">、怎样贮存和冻结血清才不会使产质量量受损？</font></span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体">将血清从冷冻箱取出后，先置于</font> 2<font face="宋体">～</font><font face="Calibri">8 </font><font face="宋体">℃ 冰箱使之融解，然后在室温下使之全融。但必须留意的是，融解过程中必须规矩地摇晃均匀。长时间贮存在 </font><font face="Calibri">2</font><font face="宋体">～</font><font face="Calibri">8 </font><font face="宋体">℃ 时，血清中的各种蛋白和脂蛋白（如冷凝集素、纤维蛋白原、玻粘连蛋白等）或许集合而形成沉积或可见的混浊。因而，推荐在 </font><font face="Calibri">-20 </font><font face="宋体">℃ 以下贮存血清，并防止反复冻融。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">我司</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体">主张血清应保存在</font> -20 <font face="宋体">℃。若存放于 </font><font face="Calibri">4 </font><font face="宋体">℃ 时，请勿超越一个月。若一次无法用完一瓶，主张无菌分装血清至恰当的灭菌容器内，再放回冷冻。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt;">2<font face="宋体">、怎样防止血清中发生沉积？</font></span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 153);"><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt;">按如下操作可防止沉积的发生：</span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">(1) </span></strong><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体">冻结血清时，请随时将之摇晃均匀，使温度及成分均一，减少沉积的发生。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">(2)</span></strong><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> <font face="宋体">血清分装冻存时，须规矩摇晃均匀 </font><font face="Calibri">(</font><font face="宋体">当心勿形成气泡</font><font face="Calibri">)</font><font face="宋体">，使温度与成分均一。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">(3)</span></strong><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> <font face="宋体">勿直接由 </font><font face="Calibri">-20 </font><font face="宋体">℃ 直接至 </font><font face="Calibri">37 </font><font face="宋体">℃ 冻结，因温度改变太大，简单形成蛋白质凝结而发生沉积。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">(4)</span></strong><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> <font face="宋体">勿将血清置于 </font><font face="Calibri">37 </font><font face="宋体">℃ 太久，否则血清会变得污浊，同时血清中许多较不稳定的成份也会因而受到破坏，然后影响血清的质量。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">(5)</span></strong><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> <font face="宋体">血清的热灭活十分简单形成沉积物的增多，若非必要，可以无须做此过程。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">(6) </span></strong><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体">若必须做血清的热灭活，请遵守 </font><font face="Calibri">56 </font><font face="宋体">℃，</font><font face="Calibri">30 </font><font face="宋体">分钟的准则，并且随时摇晃均匀。温度过高，时间过久或摇晃不均匀，都会形成沉积物的增多。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">&nbsp;</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt;">3<font face="宋体">、 血清中包括絮状沉积，它们是什么，怎样处理？</font></span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体">沉积包括纤维蛋白和脂蛋白。这是正常特性，不会影响产品性质。要除掉沉积，离心血清（</font>400 g<font face="宋体">，</font><font face="Calibri">1</font><font face="宋体">～</font><font face="Calibri">2 </font><font face="宋体">分钟）或许简略的让其沉积在瓶子底部，将血清当心的转移到另一个无菌瓶里（一般不主张采用过滤的方法除掉沉积，因为沉积会堵塞滤膜而无法过滤）。大多情况悄悄摇摆沉积并加热至 </font><font face="Calibri">37 </font><font face="宋体">℃ 就会再溶解。所以，运用产品时要摇摆并加热血清至 </font><font face="Calibri">37 </font><font face="宋体">℃，沉积会自然消失。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">&nbsp;</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt;">4<font face="宋体">、小牛血清和胎牛血清有何区别与留意事项？</font></span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体">来历不同：胎牛血清（</font>Fetal Bovine Serum ,FBS<font face="宋体">）是在屠宰怀孕母牛的时候</font><font face="Calibri">, </font><font face="宋体">通过心脏穿刺采血获取的胎牛的血清，新生牛（小牛）血清（</font><font face="Calibri">Calf serum, CS</font><font face="宋体">）采自出生 </font><font face="Calibri">10 </font><font face="宋体">至 </font><font face="Calibri">14 </font><font face="宋体">天的小牛。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体">组份与份额不同：两者所含的促细胞成长因子、促贴附因子、激素及其他活性物质等组份与份额不同，用途与用法不同：某些细胞必需胎牛血清才能成长，而有些细胞只需小牛血清即可，运用浓度不同，一般在</font> 5%<font face="宋体">～</font><font face="Calibri">10%</font><font face="宋体">，有特殊要求的浓度在</font><font face="Calibri">20%</font><font face="宋体">。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">&nbsp;</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt;"><font face="宋体">血清保存和运用须留意：血清应保存在</font> -5 <font face="宋体">℃ 至 </font><font face="Calibri">-20 </font><font face="宋体">℃，若存放在 </font><font face="Calibri">4 </font><font face="宋体">℃ 不行超越一个月。冻结血清时 ，应先将血清至于 </font><font face="Calibri">2</font><font face="宋体">～</font><font face="Calibri">8 </font><font face="宋体">℃ 冰箱，并经常摇匀使之溶解，然后至室温放置使之升温，不行将冷冻的血清直接放入 </font><font face="Calibri">37 </font><font face="宋体">℃ 水浴或许温箱中，如放在 </font><font face="Calibri">37 </font><font face="宋体">℃ 冻结，色彩加深，粘稠度也会添加，血清在冻结和热灭活后，应按用量分装并于 </font><font face="Calibri">-20 </font><font face="宋体">℃ 保存，防止反复冻融。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>