小鼠做实验的一般管理原则

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt;">Ａ</span></strong></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">&nbsp;</span><span style="color: rgb(255, 102, 0);"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt;">饲料饲养</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt;">：</span></strong></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体">饲料配方要满足小白鼠的营养需要，保持相对稳定，补充</font>0.5<font face="宋体">～</font><font face="Calibri">l</font><font face="宋体">％的鱼肝油，以满足小白鼠对维生素</font><font face="Calibri">A</font><font face="宋体">．</font><font face="Calibri">D</font><font face="宋体">的需要，否则出现母鼠受孕率低，产仔率下降以及吃食仔鼠等现象。小白鼠是昼伏夜动的动物，采食以夜间为主。因此，鼠罐、盒盖的同斗内要经常保持足够的新鲜干燥饲料。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体">在小白鼠大群饲养中，每周应有</font>2<font face="宋体">天以上给小白鼠添加饲料，保证不间断地供给小白鼠饲料。小白鼠一昼夜的饲料量见表。小白鼠的备用饲料应严防野鼠、蟑螂等污染。霉雨季节，小白鼠的干块饲料要少做勤做，以防发霉变质。供给青饲料时，如发麦芽，麦芽生好后，用清水冲洗干净，风干之后饲喂。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">小白鼠一昼夜的饲料量（单位：克）</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体">ａ小白鼠成年饲料：干块料</font>5<font face="宋体">～</font><font face="Calibri">6</font><font face="宋体">，麦芽每克约</font><font face="Calibri">19</font><font face="宋体">粒</font><font face="Calibri">3</font><font face="宋体">～</font><font face="Calibri">5</font><font face="宋体">，葵花籽每克约</font><font face="Calibri">12</font><font face="宋体">粒</font><font face="Calibri">0.5</font><font face="宋体">～</font><font face="Calibri">1</font><font face="宋体">；</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体">ｂ小白鼠幼年饲料：干块料</font>1<font face="宋体">～</font><font face="Calibri">3</font><font face="宋体">，麦芽每克约</font><font face="Calibri">19</font><font face="宋体">粒</font><font face="Calibri">0.5</font><font face="宋体">～</font><font face="Calibri">0.25</font><font face="宋体">&lsquo;，葵花籽每克约</font><font face="Calibri">12</font><font face="宋体">粒</font><font face="Calibri">0.1</font><font face="宋体">～</font><font face="Calibri">0.5</font><font face="宋体">。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">&nbsp;</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt;">Ｂ</span></strong></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">&nbsp;</span><span style="color: rgb(255, 102, 0);"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt;">清洁卫生</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt;">：</span></strong></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体">小白鼠的饲养房要保持室外整洁，门窗、墙壁、地面等无尘土，无蜘蛛网，</font>zui<font face="宋体">好是室内每月用</font><font face="Calibri">0</font><font face="宋体">．</font><font face="Calibri">1</font><font face="宋体">％的新洁尔灭喷雾消毒</font><font face="Calibri">1</font><font face="宋体">次，室外用</font><font face="Calibri">3</font><font face="宋体">％来苏尔消毒一次。鼠架每周要用消毒液的湿布擦洗一次。垫料要保持清洁干燥，放在专用的房间内贮存，严格防止野鼠、猫、狗等窜入。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体">条件允许的情况下，对垫料可采用高压蒸气等方法消毒灭菌。鼠罐、鼠金中的垫料更换次数每周不得少于</font>2<font face="宋体">次。饮水瓶要每月定期煮沸消毒</font><font face="Calibri">1</font><font face="宋体">次，或用</font><font face="Calibri">0</font><font face="宋体">．</font><font face="Calibri">2</font><font face="宋体">％过氧乙酸浸泡</font><font face="Calibri">3</font><font face="宋体">分钟消毒。饲料</font><font face="Calibri">zui</font><font face="宋体">好也使用高压蒸气等方法消毒。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">&nbsp;</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt;">Ｃ</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt;">&nbsp;</span></strong></span><span style="color: rgb(255, 102, 0);"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt;">控制温湿度</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt;">：</span></strong></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体">小白鼠对环境变化很敏感，湿温度过高或过低会直接影响小白鼠的生长发育、生产繁殖，甚至导致小白鼠发生疾病。因此，要保持温湿度相对稳定。饲养小白鼠的适宜温度是</font>18<font face="宋体">～</font><font face="Calibri">22</font><font face="宋体">℃。若高于</font><font face="Calibri">35</font><font face="宋体">℃时，明显影响母鼠的受胎和仔鼠的生长，若低于</font><font face="Calibri">18</font><font face="宋体">℃时，引起幼鼠的发病或死亡。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体">此外，小白鼠</font>zui<font face="宋体">忌温度忽高忽低，要保持温度相对稳定。这是饲养好小白鼠的一个关键。饲养小白鼠适宜的湿度为</font><font face="Calibri">50</font><font face="宋体">～</font><font face="Calibri">60</font><font face="宋体">％。当温度较低，室内易干燥，可采取在地面上洒水或用温布拖地方法，增加室内的湿度。饲养小白鼠，通风也很重要。通风可以调节室内温湿度，保持空气新鲜。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">如果密度较大，加上粪尿臭气的蒸发，尤其是冬季关闭门窗，室内空气极易污染，致使小白鼠抗病力下降，易感染疾病，这对小白鼠的生长发育极为有害。对于工作人员的健康，也有一定的影响。因此，要加强鼠舍的通风调节，装置电动排风扇，每天定时排风，或者选择风和日暖的时候，打开门窗，自然通风。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">&nbsp;</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt;">Ｄ</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt;">&nbsp;</span></strong></span><span style="color: rgb(255, 102, 0);"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt;">严格防疫</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt;">：</span></strong></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体">小白鼠对外来刺激敏感，尤其对鼠症病毒非常敏感，一旦发病就无法控制。在小白鼠的饲养管理中，要建立行之有效的严格防疫制度，减少鼠群感染的机会，保持鼠群的健康。凡从外地引进的小白鼠，必须在隔离检疫房内隔离观察饲养</font>1<font face="宋体">个月，确认无病时才能与原鼠群一起饲养。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">饲养管理人员进入鼠舍必须经过消毒池（垫），</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">穿戴好工作衣、帽、口罩和工作鞋，离开鼠舍时要脱去外衣、帽等，并要洗手消毒。严禁非工作人员进入小白鼠饲养房。严格执行消毒防病措施，严防野生动物如野鼠、蟑螂等进入小白鼠饲养设施内。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>