实验应选择适宜的观察对象

<div> <p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">为了获得理想的实验结果，必须根据实验目的选择适宜的观察对象，在选择动物时，需考虑四大因素（种属、性别、周龄或体重、状态）：</span></strong><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt;">种属的选择</span></strong></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">不同种属的动物对同一疾病病因刺激的反应程度会有很大的差异。在选择实验动物时，尽可能选择对刺激因素较为敏感且与人类接近的种属。例如在进行发热实验时，宜家兔：在进行过敏反应和反应实验时，宜豚鼠；小鼠则宜用于半数致死量等方面的观察。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt;">实验条件的选择</span></strong></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体">由于环境因素对实验结果有着很强的干扰作用，如明、暗</font>(<font face="宋体">即光照周期</font><font face="Calibri">)</font><font face="宋体">对体内代谢就有着重要的影响。在实验时应选择与受试动物自然生活尽量一致的实验环境或人为地将实验环境控制到符合条件的程度。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt;">性别的选择</span></strong></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">由于成年雌性动物的代谢存在着明显的性周期的变化，这些变化会影响受试动物对某些实验因素的反应状态。因而在选择实验动物时，一般多用雄性动物，但热板法镇痛实验不宜选用雄性小鼠或大鼠，半数致死量的测定应雌雄各半。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt;">状态的选择</span></strong></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">实验动物对人类疾病的表达程度及对施加因素的反应情况，除了与动物自身的生理特征有关外，还受动物的状态，如是否饥饿、睡眠是否足够、是否患有其他疾病等的影响。因此，应选择健康、反应机敏以及其它各个方面条件尽量一致的动物作为观察对象。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt;">周龄或体重的选择</span></strong></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体">一般选择成年动物，小鼠体重</font>18-22g<font face="宋体">，大鼠体重</font><font face="Calibri">200-250g</font><font face="宋体">，豚鼠体重</font><font face="Calibri">350-450g</font><font face="宋体">，家兔体重</font><font face="Calibri">2.5-3.5kg</font><font face="宋体">，</font><font face="Calibri">beagle</font><font face="宋体">犬体重</font><font face="Calibri">8-20kg</font><font face="宋体">。但有些实验对动物体重或周龄有特殊要求，如大鼠足肿胀法的抗炎实验，宜选用</font><font face="Calibri">120-150kg</font><font face="宋体">的大鼠，对致炎剂敏感。制作大鼠脑</font><font face="Calibri">yong</font><font face="宋体">久性低灌注模型时，宜选用</font><font face="Calibri">13</font><font face="宋体">周龄以上的大鼠，可大大降低死亡率。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </div>