详解原代细胞,细胞系,细胞株

<p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="color: rgb(255, 102, 0);"><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt;"><font face="宋体">原代细胞</font>(primary cell)</span></span></strong><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体">是指从机体的组织中经蛋白酶或其它的方法获得、并在体外进行培养的细胞，称为原代细胞。一般认为，培养的原代的第</font><font face="Calibri">1</font><font face="宋体">代细胞和传代到第</font><font face="Calibri">10</font><font face="宋体">代以内的细胞统称为原代细胞培养。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">&nbsp;</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt;"><font face="宋体">细胞株</font>(cell line)<font face="宋体">：</font></span></strong></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体">通过选择法或克隆形成法从原代培养物或细胞系中获得具有特殊性质或标志物的培养物称为细胞株，也就是说，细胞株是用单细胞分离培养或通过筛选的方法，由单细胞增殖形成的细胞群。细胞株的特殊性质或标志必须在整个培养期间始终存在。如果不能继续传代或传代数有限，称为有限细胞株；如果可以连续传代，称为连续细胞株。对于人类肿瘤细胞，在体外培养半年以上，生长稳定的并连续传代的即可称为连续性株或系。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">&nbsp;</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 9pt;"><font face="宋体">细胞系</font>(cell strain)<font face="宋体">：</font></span></strong></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体">原代培养物经首次传代成功后即为细胞系，由原先存在于原代培养物中的细胞世系所组成。如果不能继续传代，或传代次数有限， 可称为有限细胞系， 如可以连续培养， 则称为连续细胞系， 培养</font><font face="Calibri">50</font><font face="宋体">代以上并无限培养下去。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">&nbsp;</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体">现行的人教社大纲版选修教材中是这样介绍细胞株和细胞系的：原代培养的细胞一般传至</font>10<font face="宋体">代左右就不容易传下去了，细胞的生长就会出现停滞，大部分细胞衰老死亡。但是有极少数的细胞能够度过&ldquo;危机&rdquo;而继续传下去，这些存活的细胞一般能够传到</font><font face="Calibri">40--50</font><font face="宋体">代，这种传代细胞叫做细胞株。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体">细胞株的遗传物质没有发生改变。当细胞传至</font>50<font face="宋体">代以后又会出现&ldquo;危机&rdquo;，不能再传下去。但是有部分细胞的遗传物质发生了改变，并且带有癌变的特点，有可能在培养条件下无限制地传代下去，这种传代细胞称为细胞系。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">&nbsp;</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">原代细胞的优势是细胞的性状和生物学特性接近于期生理状态，但其缺点是原代细胞分离困难，生长时间有限。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">细胞系或细胞株的优势是细胞传得代数较多或无限传代，较容易培养，但缺点是随着培养代数的增加，某些细胞的生理性状可能丢失。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">基于如上比较，很多科研工作者会选择原代细胞从事科研实验。</span></strong><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>