大鼠精原细胞

产品简介 ：

产品名称 ： 大鼠精原细胞

产品品牌 ： 酶联生物

组织来源 ： 睾丸组织

产品规格 ： 5×105cells/T 25细胞培养瓶

细胞简介 ：

大鼠精原细胞分离自睾丸组织；睾丸呈微扁的卵圆形，表面光滑，覆盖着鞘膜脏层；深部是质地坚韧的白膜，在睾丸后缘增厚并进入睾丸，形成睾丸纵膈，纵膈发出许多睾丸小隔深入睾丸实质，将实质分为睾丸小叶，数量约为100～200。

每个小叶内约有2～4条生精小管具有产生精子的作用；生精小管之间的结缔组织中有睾丸间质细胞，具有产生雄激素的作用。生精小管首先汇合成为精直小管(也称直精小管)，精直小管进入睾丸纵膈形成睾丸网，之后睾丸网发出12～15条输出小管通过睾丸后上缘进入附睾。生精小管的生精上皮是精子产生的地方，由生精细胞和支持细胞构成，成人的生精小管有30～70cm 长。

精子的产生过程包括生精细胞的分化、支持细胞的作用、雄激素的调节等。生精细胞并不是一种细胞，它是多种细胞的统称，包括精原细胞、初级精母细胞、次级精母细胞、精子细胞、精子。前者依次发育分化为后者，且依次从生精上皮的基部到管腔面排列，最终形成精子进入到管腔之中，并借助生精上皮外侧的肌样细胞的收缩作用向下一级管腔移动。精原细胞是指由睾丸精子管上皮的原始生殖细胞经过多次有丝分裂而形成的细胞。原始的胚细胞经分化形成精原细胞，精原细胞经复制形成初级精母细胞，初级精母细胞经过减数第一次分裂后形成次级精母细胞，再经过减数第二次分裂形成精细胞。

精细胞经过变形最终形成精子。精原细胞属于雄性生殖细胞的早期发育阶段，能不断地进行有丝分裂，增加细胞数量，并分化为精母细胞。精原细胞贴近基膜，细胞呈圆形，核大而圆，梁色深。精原细胞在男性的一生中具有几乎无限分裂的能力，而且分裂过程中能够保持原有的基因性状  不变。在增殖过程中，通过精原细胞的分裂和分化，由精原细胞产生精母细胞，进入成熟 分裂，因而通过增殖可大大增加精母细胞的数量。

按理论推算，一个精原细胞通过数次细 胞分裂，可形成上百个初级精母细胞。但在生精过程早期，生精细胞很易发生变性，故实 际上少于这个数字。在精原细胞的增殖过程中，有一部分Ad型精原细胞不再继续分裂， 而是保留下来，成为新的精原干细胞，因此通过增殖不仅能使精原干细胞不断得到更新， 且能使精原干细胞保持一定数量，从而使精子的产生持续地进行下去，不会枯竭。

方法简介 ：

酶联生物实验室分离的大鼠精原细胞采用混合酶多步消化法制备而来，细胞总量约为5×105cells/瓶 。

质量检测 ：

酶联生物实验室分离的大鼠精原细胞经A P (碱性磷酸酶)免疫组化染色鉴定，纯度可达90% 以上，且不含有H IV -1、H BV 、H C V 、支原体、细菌、酵母和真菌等。

培养信息 ：

培 养 基 ： 含FBS、生长添加剂、G D N F、Penicillin、Streptom ycin等

换液频率 ：  每2-3天换液一次

生长特性 ：  贴壁

细胞形态 ：  圆形、椭圆形

传代特性 ：  可传2-3代

传代比例 ：  1:2

消 化 液 ：  0.25% 胰蛋白酶

培养条件 ：  气相：空气，95% ；C O2，5%

大鼠精原细胞体外培养周期有限；建议使用酶联生物配套的专用生长培养基及正确的操作方法来培养，以此保证该细胞的最佳培养状态。

细胞培养状态 ：

发货时发送细胞电子版照片

使用方法 ：

大鼠精原细胞是一种贴壁细胞，细胞形态呈圆形、椭圆形，在酶联生物技术部标准操作

流程下，细胞可传2-3代；建议您收到细胞后尽快进行相关实验。

客户收到细胞后，请按照以下方法进行操作 ：

1. 取出T 25细胞培养瓶，用75% 酒精消毒瓶身，拆下封口膜，放入37℃、5% C O 2、饱和湿度的细胞培养箱中静置3-4h，以稳定细胞状态。

2. 贴壁细胞消化

1) 收集T25细胞培养瓶中的培养基至50ml离心管中，用吸管吸取PBS，吹洗细胞培养瓶1-2次，收集清洗液；经1200-1500rpm 离心3min，弃上清，收集细胞沉淀①。

2) 添加0.25% 胰蛋白酶消化液1m L至T 25培养瓶中，轻微转动培养瓶至消化液覆盖整个培养瓶底后，吸出多余胰蛋白酶消化液，37℃温浴1-3min；倒置显微镜下观察，待细胞回缩变圆后，再加入5ml完全培养基终止消化。

3) 用吸管轻轻吹打混匀，收集细胞悬液至离心管中；经1200-1500rpm 离心3min，弃上清，收集细胞沉淀②。

4) 吸取5ml新鲜完全培养基，重悬细胞沉淀①、细胞沉淀②,把①、②混匀。

5) 用吸管轻轻吹打混匀、分散细胞，按实验需求接种于实验器皿内，然后补充适量新鲜的

完全培养基，置于37℃、5% C O 2、饱和湿度的细胞培养箱中静置培养。

6) 待细胞状态稳定后，用于实验；可以每2-3天换液一次新鲜的完全培养基。

3. 细胞实验

因原代细胞贴壁特殊性，贴壁的原代细胞在消化后转移至其他实验器皿（如玻璃爬片、培养板、共聚焦培养皿等）时，需要对实验器皿进行包被，以增强细胞贴壁性，避免细胞因没贴好影响实验；包被条件常选用鼠尾胶原Ⅰ（2-5μg/cm2） ，多聚赖氨酸PLL（0.1m g/m l），明胶（0.1% ），依据细胞种类而定。悬浮/半悬浮细胞无需包被。

注意事项 ：

1. 培养基于4℃条件下可保存3-6个月。

2. 在细胞培养过程中，请注意保持无菌操作。

3. 传代培养过程中，胰酶消化时间不宜过长，否则会影响细胞贴壁及其生长状态。

4. 建议客户收到细胞后前3天每个倍数各拍几张细胞照片，记录细胞状态，便于和酶联生物技术部沟通。由于运输的原因，个别敏感细胞会出现不稳定的情况，请及时和我们联系，详尽告知细胞的具体情况，以便我们的技术人员跟踪、回访直至问题得到解决。

产品标签

用户评论(共6条评论)

总计6条，共 1 页。 第一页 上一页 下一页 最末页

用户名：	匿名用户
E-mail：
评价等级：
评论内容：

• 大鼠肺动脉成纤维细胞
• 大鼠肾动脉内皮细胞
• 大鼠颌下腺上皮细胞
• 大鼠乳腺上皮细胞
• 大鼠子宫平滑肌细胞
• 大鼠子宫内膜上皮细胞
• 大鼠胰岛细胞
• 大鼠胰腺上皮细胞
• 大鼠子宫成纤维细胞
• 大鼠腮腺细胞
• 大鼠肾小球系膜细胞
• 大鼠Ⅱ型肺泡上皮细胞
• 大鼠外周血白细胞
• 大鼠膀胱移行上皮细胞
• 大鼠肺大静脉平滑肌细胞
• 大鼠直肠平滑肌细胞
• 大鼠肾动脉平滑肌细胞
• 大鼠肾实质细胞
• 大鼠小肠隐窝上皮细胞
• 大鼠肠黏膜上皮细胞
• 大鼠结肠平滑肌细胞
• 大鼠胃黏膜上皮细胞
• 大鼠肝动脉内皮细胞
• 大鼠小肠血管内皮细胞
• 大鼠卵巢成纤维细胞
• 大鼠肝动脉平滑肌细胞
• 大鼠肺血管平滑肌细胞
• 大鼠支气管上皮细胞
• 大鼠肾小球内皮细胞
• 大鼠肠动脉内皮细胞
• 大鼠气管平滑肌细胞
• 大鼠甲状腺滤泡上皮细胞
• 大鼠肠微血管内皮细胞
• 大鼠骨髓基质细胞
• 大鼠肝内胆管上皮细胞
• 大鼠膀胱平滑肌细胞
• 大鼠支气管成纤维细胞
• 大鼠肝窦内皮细胞
• 大鼠小肠平滑肌细胞
• 大鼠肺大动脉内皮细胞
• 大鼠肠平滑肌细胞
• 大鼠卵巢颗粒细胞
• 大鼠食管平滑肌细胞
• 大鼠肠静脉内皮细胞
• 大鼠肺大动脉平滑肌细胞
• 大鼠气管上皮细胞
• 大鼠小肠黏膜上皮细胞
• 大鼠子宫颈上皮细胞
• 大鼠胰腺导管上皮细胞
• 大鼠淋巴管内皮细胞
• 大鼠食管上皮细胞
• 大鼠肺大静脉内皮细胞
• 大鼠肠巨噬细胞
• 大鼠肝星状细胞
• 大鼠卵巢上皮细胞
• 大鼠胰腺星状细胞
• 大鼠肺微血管内皮细胞
• 大鼠肾小管上皮细胞
• 大鼠肺成纤维细胞
• 大鼠肝实质细胞

酶联生物经过不断的实验优化和改进，积累了大量的经验，拥有专业的酶联研发团队。利用专业的酶联免疫技术自主研发的elisa试剂盒，能对血清及其它样本定量检测抗原，定性检测特异性抗体。优质的试剂，先进的仪器和正确的操作是保证ELISA检测结果准确可靠的必要条件。ELISA检测的方便性、稳定性、重复性和可靠性方面都具有很大的优势。

ELISA检测技术服务内容：
1、双抗体夹心法检测抗原 2、间接法检测抗体 3、为客户提供各种ELISA技术进行样本检测。

以上代测费，凡购买本公司试剂盒，我们免费代测！
凡购买本公司目录任何一种酶联免疫检测试剂盒，您只需将需要检测的动物（Human, Rat, Mouse, Rabbit, Monkey, Pig……）种类和检测指标（白介素类、激素类）及标本数量（48T/96T）通知公司业务员即可。在接到客户标本当日起，现货产品一周内将检测报告交到客户手中！
欢迎各科研单位在各种项目上与我们公司开展不同层次的密切合作，以双赢求发展，共同进步，为中国检测事业的发展积累经验。

二、样本要求
在收集标本前都必须有一个完整的计划，必须清楚要检测的成份是否足够稳定。我们提倡新鲜标本尽早检测，对收集后当天就进行检测的标本，及时储存在4℃备用，如有特殊原因需要周期收集标本，请造模取材后，将标本及时分装后放在-20℃或-70℃条件下保存。因冰室与室温存在一定温差，蛋白极易降解，直接影响实验质量，所以避免反复冻融。代测放免标本的客户取材前须向我司销售人员索要说明书，具体操作注意事项请与我司技术人员沟通。

液体类标本：标本必须为液体，不含沉淀。包括血清、血浆、尿液、胸腹水、脑脊液、细胞培养上清、组织匀浆等。

血清：室温血液自然凝固10-20分钟后，离心20分钟左右（2000-3000转/分）。收集上清。如有沉淀形成，应再次离心。

血浆：应根据试剂盒的要求选择EDTA、柠檬酸钠或肝素作为抗凝剂，加入10%（v/v）抗凝剂(0.1M柠檬酸钠或1%heparin 或2.0%EDTA.Na2)混合10-20分钟后，离心20分钟左右（2000-3000转/分）。仔细收集上清。如有沉淀形成，应再次离心。

尿液、胸腹水、脑脊液：用无菌管收集。离心20分钟左右（2000-3000转/分）。仔细收集上清。如有沉淀形成，应再次离心。

细胞培养上清：检测分泌性的成份时，用无菌管收集。离心20分钟左右（2000-3000转/分）。仔细收集上清。检测细胞内的成份时，用PBS（PH7.0-7.4）稀释细胞悬液，细胞浓度达到100万/ml左右。通过反复冻融，以使细胞破坏并放出细胞内成份。离心20分钟左右（2000-3000转/分）。仔细收集上清。保存过程中如有沉淀形成，应再次离心。

组织标本：切割标本后，称取重量。加入一定量的PBS，缓冲液中可加入1μg/L蛋白酶抑制剂或50U/ml的Aprotinin（抑肽酶）。用手工或匀浆器将标本匀浆充分。离心20分钟左右（2000-3000转/分）。仔细收集上清置于-20度或-70度保存，如有必要，可以将样品浓缩干燥。分装后一份待检测，其余冷冻备用。

三、寄标本时需注明以下情况：
1、标本编号；2、所测项目；3、是否做复孔；3、联系方式；4、实验后标本是否寄回。

客户须知：
客户应对所提供的材料及信息负责，如因客户提供的材料及信息不准确而引起的实验延误或经济损失由客户承担。

Q:1. how to collect samples and preparation of ELISA?
Performed by ELISA test is generally common clinical samples including blood (finger blood, blood), urine, feces, cerebrospinal fluid, pleural effusion, prostatic fluid, semen, vaginal secretions, which
Some time of sample collection, preservation methods and has certain requirements.
Collection (a) clinical specimens
A, blood samples:Some physiological factors, such as smoking, eating, exercise, mood swings, pregnancy, postural changes in blood can affect certain ingredients, even some of diurnal variation. Therefore, blood samples
Acquisition should avoid interference physiological factors, consistent with appropriate conditions, such as can not be avoided, should indicate the factors on the specimen.
1. Peripheral:Usually select the inside of blood left ring finger, the portion should be no frostbite, inflammation, edema, damage. If the site does not meet the requirements to other parts of the fingers instead. For burn patients, optional leather
Intact skin at the blood. As part of routine blood tests (eg, white blood cell count, sort, etc.) affected by physiological factors fluctuation is too large, when compared to the conditional should be consistent. It relates to the body, blood clotting function
Can test items (such as platelet count, bleeding time or clotting time) testing, we must pay attention to understand whether the patient used anticoagulant, procoagulant drugs in order to reduce or avoid interfering factors
influences.
2. Blood:In addition to involving a variety of projects such as hemostasis and thrombosis detector requires the use of anticoagulated blood plasma, the current analysis to detect the vast majority of projects can be directly detected using blood serum. In the serum test items
, Some (such as blood sugar, blood fat) diet and circadian factors influenced, fasting blood samples were generally appropriate; some decay rapidly in the blood (serum enzyme activity assay such as ACP activity, etc.),
0 ~ 4 ℃ storage is not an activity decreased, the detection of these projects must be timely and fast; some (such as creatine kinase) influenced by exercise and other factors. Avoid hemolysis occurs when blood is also important
And, more particularly potassium, LDH and other measurement.
B, urine samples:With the same blood samples, urine samples affect diet, exercise, medication and other factors that are also large, especially on the diet, so the morning urine generally superior to random urine. Means getting up early morning urine
After the first urine specimens, representing concentrated and acidified visible components (such as blood cells, epithelial cells, tubular) easy to observe the relative concentration. Random urine that is a random urine specimens convenient, but by diet,
Sports, and even more the influence of drugs, prone to false positive and false negative results, such as diet proteinuria, glucosuria diet, vitamin C interference occult blood results and the like. Postprandial urine (patient 2 hours after lunch, collected
Human Urine) suitable for urine, urine protein and urobilinogen check urine samples at this time to increase the sensitivity of the test, the detection of minor lesions. 12 hours in urine cell count is Addis count (last night 8:00
After emptying the bladder to all specimens of urine 8 o'clock the next morning), because a long time, easy to breed bacteria shall be added preservative formaldehyde. 24-hour urine (the first day of the morning after emptying the bladder specimens from 8:00 to 8:00 the next morning
All urine) quantification of chemical substances, including proteins, sugars, urinary 17-one, 17-hydroxy steroids, catecholamines, Ca2 +, etc., to detect different substances, choose a different preservative preservative. clean
Urine used for urine bacterial culture requires sterile specimens were taken after washing the vulva. Urine specimens should be enough to collect all, at least 12 ml, preferably 50 ml, the timing must collect all the urine of women
Patients should avoid vaginal secretions, blood contamination of urine specimens.
C, stool samples:Stool samples for the detection judgment digestive diseases has important reference value. Collection requirements with a clean bamboo select faecal mucus, pus and blood components and other abnormality, no abnormal appearance
Droppings shall be drawn from multiple surface and deep manure end. Get parasitemia and for egg counts should be collected 24 hours feces. Dysentery amoeba trophozoites check should immediately check in after a bowel movement, and from there sepsis
Softer at the drawn, insulation inspection. Charles S. japonicum eggs should take mucus, pus and blood portion 30g stool specimens from at least miracidia hatching, and to be treated as soon as possible. Check pinworm eggs must use transparent film swab
Night before 12:00 or early in the morning from defecation wrinkled folds around the anus and immediately swabbing at microscopic examination. Occult blood test (chemistry), fasting before the test on the 3rd of meat and foods containing animal blood and ban clothing iron, vitamin C and so on.
Should be checked in all 1 hour stool specimen collection is completed, in order to prevent damage to physical components of digestive enzymes and pH by. For clinical samples above the detection indicators.
D, CSF samples:CSF samples collected immediately after submission, place too long will affect the test results: such as cell degeneration, destruction, leading to counting and classification are not allowed; some chemicals such as glucose content will decompose Save
Less; bacteria occur autolysis affect bacteria detection rate. Cerebrospinal fluid extracted three general dispensing a sterile tube, the first tube for bacterial culture, a second tube for chemical analysis and immunological tests, the third tube for general
Characters and microscopic examination, three of the order should be reversed. Specimen collection is difficult because all inspection and testing process should pay attention to safety.
E, ascites and pleural effusion samples:CSF samples with the same attention to safety after the specimen collection, and timely submission. Generally separated into three tubes, one for routine cytology, a biochemical examination, a bacterial culture, in order
CSF same is appropriate.
F, prostatic fluid sample:Prostatic fluid specimen after prostate massage by the acquisition, directly drop when less liquid on a glass slide and timely submission shall be taken to prevent sample evaporation to dryness, the amount collected for a long time in a clean, dry test tube. If massage
No prostatic fluid, urine sediment can be checked after the massage.
G, semen samples:Abstinence before semen collection should be 3 to 7 days, drain the urine after masturbation or other available methods of semen directly into clean containers, insulation and timely submission. Due to changes in sperm production during the day and
Large, generally should be checked 2 to 3 times (each time interval of 1 to 2 weeks) in order to make a diagnosis.
H, samples of vaginal secretions:Vaginal samples were collected 24 hours before intercourse should be prohibited, bath, vaginal examination, vaginal lavage and local on the drug, etc., drawing instruments used need to be cleaned. Usually with brine-soaked cotton swab from the vagina deep
Or rear vaginal fornix, cervical canal mouth drawn, etc., made after saline smear vaginal secretion samples observation, women with menstrual vaginal secretions were not checking.
2, do before each sample by ELISA experiment how to prepare?
Before collecting the sample must have a comprehensive plan must clearly be detected component is stable enough. To be collected on the same day Sample testing, and timely backup stored at 4 ℃. For the next day re-testing samples frozen in a timely manner after dispensing -20 ℃ spare, conditional, preferably -70 ℃ cryopreservation standby. Avoid repeated freezing and thawing specimens
. Liquid samples: including serum, plasma, urine, pleural effusion, cerebrospinal fluid, cell culture supernatant and the like.
1. serum:
Coagulation at room temperature 10-20 mins, centrifugation 20 minutes or so (2000-3000 rev / min). Carefully collect the supernatant. If precipitation during storage, Centrifugal again.
2. Plasma:
EDTA should be selected according to the requirements of the specimen, sodium citrate or heparin as an anticoagulant, mix 10-20 mins, centrifugation 20 minutes or so (2000-3000 rev / min). Carefully collect the supernatant. Save process
If precipitation appeared, Centrifugal again.
3. Urine:
Sterile collection tube. Centrifuged for 20 minutes or so (2000-3000 rev / min). Carefully collect the supernatant. If precipitation during storage, Centrifugal again. Pleural and peritoneal effusions, and cerebrospinal fluid Reference to this practice. 4. The cell culture supernatant:
The detection of secretory component with a sterile collection tube. Centrifuged for 20 minutes or so (2000-3000 rev / min). Carefully collect the supernatant.
5. cultured cells
????When the detection of intracellular components, diluted with PBS (PH7.2-7.4) cell suspension, the cell concentration reached 1 million / ml or so. By repeated freezing and thawing or tissue protein extraction reagent was added to the cells
Damage and release of intracellular components. Centrifuged for 20 minutes or so (2000-3000 rev / min). Carefully collect the supernatant. If precipitation during storage, Centrifugal again.
6. tissues
????After cutting samples, check the weight. Adding a certain amount of PBS, PH7.4. Rapidly frozen with liquid nitrogen. After thawing samples remained at 2-8 ℃. Adding a certain amount of PBS
(PH7.4), or tissue protein extraction reagent, or by hand homogenizer homogenized sample. Centrifuged for 20 minutes or so (2000-3000 rev / min). Carefully collect the supernatant. A new package to be detected, which
I alternate freezing.
Q:Do I have to run all of my standards and samples in duplicate?
A:Yes, the duplicates are run in order to monitor assay precision and increase confidence in the assay results obtained.
Q:Do I have to run all of my samples at one time?
A:No, each kit uses stripwell microplate. This allows the user to analyse different numbers of samples at different times.
Q:What types of reproducible results are obtained with the assays?
A:Each kit comes with a manual containing a graph of typical data obtained. Any variation in operator, pipetting and washing technique, incubation time or temperature, and kit age can cause variation in result. Each user should obtain their own standard curve.
Q:Is it possible to store the reagents other than indicated?
A:Storage of the kit components under conditions other than indicated is not recommended in order to assure proper performance of the test.
Q:How should I store my samples?
A:Samples should be stored at -20oC or lower temperature. For long-term storage, it is recommended to freeze them at -70oC -80oC.
Q:Can I modify the protocol?
A:BG ELISA kits have been optimized to provide the best possible results. Modifying the format or protocol may give inaccurate and wrong results.
Q:Can I use a sample type that is not recommended in the kit insert?
A:The kit has been validated for the sample types listed in the kit insert. Sample types other than those validated have not been tested. Contact Technical Service for further information.
Q:My samples generated values that were outside the dynamic range of the assay. Can I use these values?
A:It is recommended that only sample values that fall within the range of the standard curve be used. Values outside the range of the standard curve are generally non-linear, which can lead to incorrectly extrapolated values. Samples that generate values higher than the highest standard should be (further) diluted and the assay repeated. If samples fall below the range of the assay, the sample is considered to be non-detectable.
Q:Do I have to run a Blank or Zero Standards every time?
A:Yes, these are required for the calculations, and reflect any subtle but significant performance changes from day to day and assay to assay. They are also extremely helpful when troubleshooting the source of a particular assay problem.
Q:Can I alter the volume of sample I use in the assay?
A:It is not recommended that you alter the volumes since all BG kits are designed for optimal performance at the given volumes
Q:Can components from different kits be used?
A:Each kit contains components which have specific lot numbers to ensure that all of the components are performing optimally alone, as well as with all of the other components in the kit. QC testing is performed on these specific lots. It is never recommended to use your own components or components from other kits or vendors.
Q:My standard curve looked fine, but I didn’t get a signal in my sample when I expected to, why?
A:The sample may not contain the analyte. A matrix effect may be masking the detection. Ensure that the recommended dilution was followed as stated in the kit insert. If dilution was recommended, check to be sure that the dilution was performed properly. Over-dilution may cause the sample to fall below the range of the standard curve.
Q:How do you recommend I wash my plate?
A:If you are using an automated plate washer we recommend that the calibration be checked on a regular basis, and that the system is flushed with the Plate Washing Buffer prior to washing. The same is true for a manual washer. A repeater or a wash bottle can also be used. The user should be careful to ensure that all of the contents are aspirated and the plate tapped dry on lint-free paper.
Q:Do I need to use a plate shaker?
A:Reliable results can be obtained without a plate shaker, but the O.D.'s will generally be lower than those obtained using a plate shaker.
Q:Why do I have to use wavelength correction between 450-570nm?
A:For the ELISA assay, reading at dual wavelengths is done to correct for the optical density contributed by the plastic well, the lamp and optical fluctuations.
Q:If I extract my sample, do I still need to follow the recommended dilutions given in the kit insert?
A:The amount of sample dilution needed after an extraction procedure will be affected by the effects of purification and concentration in the protocol used. The amount of dilution or concentration will have to be determined by the end-user.
Q:What is the expected concentration of analyte that I should expect to find?
A:The amount of a given analyte may vary not only from species-to-species, but also between tissue and cellular sources. The best source of this information is the current literature that is easily accessed through the Internet at multiple scientific databases.
Q:My optical densities were a little higher (or lower) than those in the manual that came with my kit. Why?
A:The optical density is affected by a number of physical conditions such as time and temperature. We suggest that you shorten or lengthen the final incubation with substrate solution to compensate.
Q:What are the reasons for High Background?
A:1) Improper Washing: Check volume of washing buffer reservoir and make sure all recommended washing steps are performed. 2) Contaminated Substrate: Make sure there is no contamination of the substrate with metal ions or oxidizing reagents, before use. Keep the extra substrate solution separately during the ELISA substrate development time. 3) Substrate exposed to light: Exposure to light may result in a blue color of the substrate. Keep solutions in the dark (vial) until ready to dispense into the plate. 4) Wrong Incubation Times/Temperatures: Generally follow the test protocol regarding incubation times and temperatures. However, if all wells are intensely and equally colored with no intensity gradient observed in the standard dilution series, then it may be necessary to observe the substrate reaction as the color is developing, in order to stop the reaction sooner.